mindmap root((气馁)) dismay implies a loss of power to proceed because of a sudden fear or anxiety or because one does not know how to deal with a situation: ~ed to find herself the center of attention. appall implies that one is faced with that which perturbs, confounds, or shocks: ~ed by your utter lack of concern. （perturb不安implies deep disturbance of mind and emotion指深深搅乱思维情感，如perturbed by her husband's behavior丈夫的行为让她不安） horrify stresses a reaction of horror or revulsion from what is aghast or hideously offensive: the scope of the famine is quite ~ing.用horror自释 daunt suggests a cowing, subduing, disheartening, or frightening in a venture that requires courage: problems that would ~ even the most intrepid of reformers.